Vivendi had been created out of the recently privatized French water utility Compagnie Générale des Eaux as its CEO, playboy Jean-Marie Messier, liquidated the core business of supplying water to Parisians and tried to create a European media rival to AOL/TimeWarner. An ‘integrity clause’ that retained Gil Friesen as chairman and kept Gerry Moss nominally in control maintained an appearance of corporate dignity that lasted until the purchase of Polygram by Seagram in 1998 a heavily leveraged hostile buyout of Seagram by Vivendi followed almost immediately. Until Polygram’s purchase of the company in 1989, A&M Records was an independent record company (although generally not perceived as such due to the size of its global operations) owned solely by Herb Alpert and Gerry Moss.
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