![]() To avoid interferences, such as overlapping signals, it is important to keep the instrument and solutions free from contamination. ![]() Because both accuracy and precision need to be known before measuring unknowns, the instrument should be evaluated. Proteins, peptides, small organic molecules, and some other calibrants offer high customization and may be preferred for more specific analyses, often for analysis of similar molecules. Commercial calibration solutions are easy to use and good for general calibration, but may be expensive and hard to modify. Polymers such as PEG and PPG give closely spaced signals over a limited mass range, but suffer from memory effects. Clusters of CsI allow the highest m/z calibration points, but other clusters give more closely spaced signals (clusters are unsuitable for ion trap calibration). External calibration is often easier to perform, but the best accuracies are obtained with internal calibration, especially with calibrants close to and bracketing the analyte(s). ![]() This review informs on calibration and possible calibrants for ESI-MS, highlighting analytical considerations important for high accuracy and precision. Calibration is vital for accurate m/z measurements.
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